![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.dxfluidics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-51.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n2) Photochemical biosensors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor is a device that utilizes photoelectrochemical principles for detection and analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It generates electrochemical signals related to the concentration of target molecules by exciting chemical reactions in the sample with a light source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Typically, photoelectrochemical sensors consist of a light source, a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In this process, a light source excites photosensitive compounds in the sample, such as dye molecules or semiconductor nanoparticles, prompting them to participate in redox reactions or other chemical reactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The working electrode is responsible for receiving electrochemical signals generated by chemical reactions, while the reference electrode provides a stable potential as a reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ultimately, a correlation is presented between the signal intensity and the concentration of the target molecule.<\/p>\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.dxfluidics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-52.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\nPhotoelectrochemical biosensors are photoelectrochemical sensors that incorporate biorecognition techniques (e.g. enzyme-substrate, nucleic acid aptamer-target, antigen-antibody, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Photoelectrochemical biosensors have emerged as a potential alternative for clinical testing due to their ease of operation, rapid response, high selectivity and sensitivity, and instrument miniaturization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
These sensors rely primarily on photoelectric conversion in the presence of light, using photoactive electrodes to produce a measurable current signal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When the target molecule binds to the biorecognition element, the photoactive substance in the electrode changes, affecting the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which generates the corresponding photoelectric signal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Therefore, the selection of materials with high photovoltaic conversion efficiency is crucial for the construction of high-performance photoelectrochemical biosensors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3) Electrochemical biosensors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Electrochemical biosensors combine electrochemical principles with biorecognition elements for the detection of a wide range of biomolecules, heavy metal ions and contaminants through the specific recognition ability of the recognition element.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
These sensors convert the interaction between the biorecognition element and the target molecule into electrical signals (e.g., current, potential, resistance, capacitance, or impedance) through electrochemical conversion techniques and analyze these signals to achieve quantitative or qualitative detection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Glucometer is one of the most successful electrochemical biosensors widely used for blood glucose monitoring in diabetic patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In addition to the miniaturization improvement of blood glucose meters, upgrading their anti-interference capability is also an important direction for future development.<\/p>\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.dxfluidics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-53.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n4) Colorimetric Sensor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
In practical applications, colorimetric biosensors that enable visual detection are important for the development of portable detection platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Color changes can be triggered by nanoenzymes catalyzing color development reactions or by exploiting the localized surface plasmon resonance effect (LSPR) of noble metals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
By adjusting the properties of the nanomaterials, such as size and morphology, it is possible to modulate the position of the absorption peaks of the materials and thus achieve chromaticity changes.<\/p>\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.dxfluidics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-54.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n3. Biosensor applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
With the advancement of sensing technology, biosensors have been widely used in the fields of disease diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Through the principle of DNA base complementary pairing, DNA networks with specific recognition ability can be designed for the detection of disease markers such as miRNAs in the human body, thus enabling disease prevention and diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In addition, a series of DNA sequences specific for metal ions (e.g., mercury, silver, copper, and lead) have been identified, and these sequences can be used to develop biosensors for heavy metal ion detection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
By utilizing endogenous metal ions in humans, intracellular fluorescence imaging sensing platforms can also be developed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
With highly specific nucleic acid aptamers, it is possible to create a diagnostic platform that integrates sensing detection and drug release.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When combined with photothermal materials, these platforms can also be used for photothermal therapy, both to recognize cancer cells and to effectively kill them.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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